Non-standard employment trends for mainstream college graduates

 In 2020, the number of graduates of ordinary colleges and universities reached 8.74 million, a record high. At the same time, under the influence of the global epidemic situation of new crown pneumonia and the change of international situation, the downward pressure of the economy is great, which makes it more difficult for college graduates to obtain employment. To solve the employment problem of college graduates, on the one hand, we need to strengthen our work, the Party and the government attach great importance to this," steady employment "and" guaranteed employment "has been listed as the first party and government work; on the other hand, college graduates need to understand the changing job market, change their mentality before new employment trends such as non-standard employment and informal employment, meet the challenges, and start their first job in their careers with a positive attitude.

Non-standard employment is the trend

At present, there is no strict consensus definition of what is non-standard employment (Non-standard employment), whether in academic or official. Generally speaking, non-standard employment refers to work outside the scope of the standard employment relationship. The standard employment relationship refers to full-time, indefinite, and part of the subordinate employment relationship. In some cases, researchers also define standard employment relationships as work performed outside the home. When this definition is adopted, more tasks are classified as non-standard employment, including e-office and other forms of telecommuting. In November 2016, the International Labour Organization released the World's Non-standard Employment: Understanding Challenges, Shaping the Future report (hereinafter referred to as the report), which divides non-standard employment into four types: temporary employment; part-time work; temporary agency work and other multi-employment relationships; covert employment and dependent self-employment. The statistics in the Report show that in the past few decades, both developed and developing countries have experienced a dramatic shift from standard to non-standard employment, and that non-standard employment is becoming universal throughout the world.

Non-standard employment of college graduates is on the rise

 Since China's reform and opening up, there have been many new changes in the employment mode in the labor market, and the proportion of flexible employment belonging to non-standard employment has increased significantly. In June 2004, for the first time, the Ministry of Education included flexible employment, including self-employment and free occupation, in the revised Statistical Approach to the Employment of Graduates. On June 29,2020, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the circular of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on strictly verifying the employment data of college graduates of the 2020 session, which further clarified the meaning of the relevant indicators of employment statistics for college graduates. Among them, the bright spot lies in "independent entrepreneurship" and "freelance ", the scope of independent entrepreneurship has joined the opening of online stores, the scope of freelance has joined the Internet marketing workers, public number bloggers, e-sports workers and so on.

 So, what is the non-standard employment situation of college graduates in China? Since 2003, the Institute of Education Economics of Peking University School of Education has conducted a national survey on the employment situation of college graduates every other year. So far, nine times have been carried out. Through the statistical analysis of the survey data, we find that the non-standard employment of college graduates presents the following characteristics:

 First, the proportion of non-standard employment is significant. In the direction of college graduates, There are four cases of employment, Where "identified units" can be classified as standard employment, "Self-employment "," freelance" and "other flexible employment" can be classified as non-standard employment. The proportion of non-standard employment shows an overall upward trend, The average of the nine surveys was 23.5 percent, The average of the last seven surveys was 27.9 percent, The average of the last five surveys was 29.1 percent, The average of the last three surveys was 33.9. Visible, Non-standard employment has become an integral part of college graduates' employment.

  Second, the proportion of active choice of non-standard employment is large. The National Survey of College Graduates Employment (2019) released by Peking University shows that graduates choose non-standard employment more actively. 62.5 percent of graduates considered non-standard employment "free time" and 55.9 percent considered "flexible working methods ". The reasons for graduates' passive choice of non-standard employment are "the wages of the work unit are too low "(20.0%)," not interested in the work of the unit "(18.5%)," not employed by the desired unit "(14.1%)," the development prospect of the work unit is not good enough "(11.8%).

 Third, there are significant educational differences in non-standard employment. In the 2019 Survey, non-standard employment (self-employment, freelance and other flexible employment) accounted for 21.9 percent,11.7 percent,7.2 percent and 6.6 percent of graduates, respectively. The higher the level of education, the lower the proportion of non-standard employment; among graduates,31.5 percent,28.2 percent,11.2 percent and 11.1 percent of graduates chose non-standard employment.

 As far as the current employment situation is concerned, there is still a big gap between the overall education level of our labor force and the developed countries, and the educational structure of the labor force is slightly weak in supporting the upgrading of the industrial structure. It is suggested that the following aspects should be studied: first, for college graduates, the problem of educational mismatch in student employment can be explained from the perspective of the urban structure of student employment; second, the matching of graduates' professional structure and labor market occupational structure needs to be discussed in more detail

Protecting 200 million Chinese jobs

 The State Council holds a forum to study and stabilize the basic market for foreign investment in foreign trade. Experts:200 million people involved in employment should not be lost easily

On June 28, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang hosted a symposium on stabilizing foreign trade, stressing efforts to keep foreign investment steady by continuing to expand its opening to the outside world, the government said.
 It was pointed out that while foreign trade has stabilized in recent months, the current epidemic situation is still global, the world economy is seriously declining, our economy has been deeply integrated into the world economy, and the next foreign trade environment is still severe and complex, which must be fully estimated and prepared.
 At the meeting, it was proposed to study new measures to stabilize foreign trade and stabilize foreign capital and to speed up the progress of tax rebates, strengthen financing support such as credit, letter insurance, and guarantee, unblock international freight channels, cultivate new growth points of foreign trade, and at the same time, introduce more measures to expand openness, and further create a market-oriented, legalized and internationalized business environment.
 Bai Ming, deputy director of the International Market Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, told Red Star News that it was particularly important to stabilize the basic foreign investment market because the foreign trade industry involved 200 million people in employment. "Because there is employment, we can inject'fuel' into the internal circulation of the economy; at the same time, the foreign trade industry participates in the international circulation, so it is very important to stabilize the basic market of foreign investment in foreign trade and to stabilize the economic operation and the overall situation of employment.

Don't lose position easily in international industry chain and supply chain

Bai Ming, deputy director of the International Market Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, told Red Star News that the current foreign trade situation is still grim, so we should fully consider all kinds of difficulties and be prepared to deal with them.

 Red Star News noted that the executive meeting of the State Council held on June 9 confirmed that in order to help foreign trade enterprises involving nearly 200 million people in employment to rescue and develop, while encouraging enterprises to expand the international market, support marketable export products to open up the domestic market.

 Bai Ming explained that it is now proposed to gradually form a new development pattern with the domestic large circulation as the main body and the domestic and international double circulation promoting each other. Because the foreign trade industry involves the employment of 200 million people, it is particularly important to stabilize the basic plate of foreign investment in foreign trade.

 "Because there is employment, we can inject'fuel' into the internal circulation of the economy; at the same time, the foreign trade industry participates in the international circulation, so it is very important to stabilize the basic market of foreign investment in foreign trade and to stabilize the economic operation and the overall situation of employment.

 Bai Ming believes that the current stability of foreign trade foreign capital base plate, the most important is external insurance channels, internal insurance capacity. Export channels must be maintained, because hard-won. Especially in the international industrial chain, the supply chain in the occupation does not lose position easily.

 "In the international market and the international division of labor, even if the temporary business volume is not large, or enterprises to give appropriate profits, but also to find a way to occupy this position, and so on the future improvement of the international market, but also the first. said Bai Ming. the current foreign trade situation is still grim, so we should fully consider all kinds of difficulties and be prepared to deal with them.

 Red Star News noted that the executive meeting of the State Council held on June 9 confirmed that in order to help foreign trade enterprises involving nearly 200 million people in employment to rescue and develop, while encouraging enterprises to expand the international market, support marketable export products to open up the domestic market.

 Bai Ming explained that it is now proposed to gradually form a new development pattern with the domestic large circulation as the main body and the domestic and international double circulation promoting each other. Because the foreign trade industry involves the employment of 200 million people, it is particularly important to stabilize the basic plate of foreign investment in foreign trade.

 "Because there is employment, we can inject'fuel' into the internal circulation of the economy; at the same time, the foreign trade industry participates in the international circulation, so it is very important to stabilize the basic market of foreign investment in foreign trade and to stabilize the economic operation and the overall situation of employment.

 Bai Ming believes that the current stability of foreign trade foreign capital base plate, the most important is external insurance channels, internal insurance capacity. Export channels must be maintained, because hard-won. Especially in the international industrial chain, the supply chain in the occupation does not lose position easily.

 "In the international market and the international division of labor, even if the temporary business volume is not large, or enterprises to give appropriate profits, but also to find a way to occupy this position, and so on the future improvement of the international market, but also the first. said Bai Ming.

Today's excerpt of this news to share with you is to tell you that the economy is really very difficult, as a foreign trade export mold and plastic molding manufacturers, we understand that this situation is very real. This year the Canton Fair did not announce the number of transactions can be seen, we are around a lot of the original foreign trade enterprises have changed or closed, you can see that business is particularly difficult to do now. Winter has come, are you ready for foreign trade colleagues?